Biology Chapter 6 – Tour of the Cell Flashcard Example #5054

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using

A) a confocal fluorescence microscope.
B) a super-resolution fluorescence microscope.
C) a transmission electronic microscope.
D) a scanning electron microscope.
E) a phase-contrast light microscope.

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

A) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy.
C) specimen preparation for light microcopy does not produce artifacts.
D) light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy.
E) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

A) separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.
B) separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules.
C) sort cells based on their size and weight.
D) determine the size of various organelles.
E) view the structure of cell membranes.

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the
pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge?

A) chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles
B) nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts
C) ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria
D) vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus
E) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

A) confocal fluorescence microscopy
B) light microscopy
C) scanning electron microscopy
D) transmission electron microscopy
E) super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

A) an endoplasmic reticulum.
B) a cell wall.
C) a plasma membrane.
D) ribosomes.
E) DNA.

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

A) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a
portion of the Golgi.
B) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen
-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts.
C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus.
D) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria.

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Protista
C) Bacteria and Fungi
D) Bacteria and Archaea
E) Bacteria and Protista

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

A) centrosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) mitochondria
D) Golgi vesicles
E) microtubules

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following
molecules?

A) lipids
B) cellulose
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
E) glycogen

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

A) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins.
B) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix.
C) enlarging its vacuole.
D) digesting large food particles.
E) producing primarily proteins for secretion.

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondrion
C) lysosome
D) ribosome
E) contractile vacuole

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

A) lysosomes
B) free cytoplasmic ribosomes
C) roughER
D) plasmodesmata
E) Golgi vesicles

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

A) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system.
B) the nuclear envelope is physically separated from the endoplasmic reticulum.
C) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins.
D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope.
E) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

A) lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondrion
D) vacuole
E) peroxisome

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

A) vacuole
B) peroxisome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondrion
E) lysosome

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

A) lysosome
B) mitochondrion
C) peroxisome
D) vacuole
E) Golgi apparatus

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) peroxisome
D) vacuole
E) mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) peroxisome
C) vacuole
D) glyoxysome
E) mitochondrion

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

A) lysosome
B) peroxisome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) vacuole
E) mitochondrion

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

A) chloroplasts.
B) nuclei.
C) lysosomes.
D) mitochondria.
E) vacuoles.

In a plant cell, DNA may be found

A) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. B) only in the nucleus.
C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.
D) only in the nucleus and mitochondria.
E) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts

Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

A) mitochondria
B) plastids
C) ribosomes
D) nuclei
E) none of these

Why isn’t the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

A) It is a static structure.
B) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.
C) It has too many vesicles.
D) It is not involved in protein synthesis.
E) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi.

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

A) They are brought into the cell from the environment.
B) They are built de novo from cytosol materials.
C) They split in two after they become sufficiently large.
D) They bud off from the Golgi.
E) The cell synthesizes hydrogen peroxide and encloses it in a membrane.

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

A) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
B) ribosomes
C) membrane proteins
D) cytoskeletal structures
E) sites of energy production in cellular respiration

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

A) actin filaments and microtubules
B) microtubules and motor proteins
C) actin filaments and ribosomes
D) actin filaments and motor proteins
E) centrioles and motor proteins

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

A) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
B) Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton.
C) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching).
D) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal.function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates.
E) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell’s response to external signals and stimuli.

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

A) intermediate filaments
B) secretory vesicles
C) centrosomes
D) actin
E) laminin

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

A) plant cell walls
B) intermediate filaments
C) nuclear lamina
D) microfilaments
E) microtubules

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

A) They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins.
B) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell.
C) They limit the passage of small molecules.
D) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes.
E) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

A) nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix.
B) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix.
C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.
D) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles.
E) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

A) desmosomes
B) gap junctions
C) extracellular matrix
D) tight junctions
E) peroxisomes

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

A) plasmodesmata.
B) gap junctions.
C) desmosomes.
D) intermediate filaments.
E) tight junctions.

Signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by
A) middle lamella.
B) proteoglycans.
C) collagen.
D) Fibronectin
E) Integrins