Which of the following is NOT one of the body’s chemical buffering systems?
hydrochloride
What are some of the body’s chemical buffering systems?
phosphate, protein, bicarbonate
Which of the following has the greatest capacity for pH change in the body?
digestive system
renal system
respiratory system
endocrine system
renal system
Respiratory alkalosis is a result of _______.
too little carbon dioxide in the blood
Hyperventilation is defined as _______.
an increase in the rate and depth of breathing
What is the normal range for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood?
35 – 45 mm Hg
Hyperventilation can result in _______.
too little carbon dioxide in the blood
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a blood pH _______.
greater than 7.45
Why was the breath held after the second hyperventilation?
to retain carbon dioxide
The formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by _______.
carbonic anhydrase
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood can be the result of _______.
emphysema
Why does rebreathing simulate hypoventilation?
Carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood with either.
Respiratory acidosis is a result of _______.
an increase in the H+ in the blood
Respiratory acidosis can be a result of _______.
asthma
Which of the following occurred during rebreathing?
carbon dioxide increased
Respiratory acidosis can be compensated for by _______.
the kidneys
Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and blood pH are _______.
inversely proportional to each other
How do the kidneys compensate for acid-base imbalances?
by excreting bicarbonate ion
by reabsorbing bicarbonate ion
by reabsorbing H+
by excreting H+
Which of the following have the same effect on plasma pH?
reabsorption of bicarbonate and excretion of H+
The movement of fluid and solutes from the peritubular capillary to the renal tubule is referred to as _______.
tubular secretion
The nephron is responsible for maintaining _______.
acid-base balance in the body
electrolyte balance in the body
fluid balance in the body
The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by _______.
conserving H+ and excreting bicarbonate ion
In uncompensated respiratory acidosis, the _______.
carbon dioxide levels of the blood are elevated
When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was decreased, what changes occurred in the urine?
H+ in the urine decreased and bicarbonate ion increased in the urine.
At which partial pressure of carbon dioxide did respiratory acidosis occur?
60 mm Hg
Excessive diarrhea results in which of the following?
loss of bicarbonate, metabolic acidosis
Ingestion of too much alcohol results in which of the following?
gain of acid, metabolic acidosis
Which of the following does NOT result in metabolic alkalosis?
hyperventilation
Ketoacidosis is usually a result of _______.
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Compensation of metabolic alkalosis includes which of the following?
excreting bicarbonate ion in the renal system and retaining carbon dioxide through the respiratory system
Metabolic acidosis results in _______.
hyperventilation
Which metabolic rate resulted in metabolic acidosis?
80 kcal/hr
Which of the following occurred when the metabolic rate was set to 20 kcal/hr?
metabolic alkalosis and hypoventilation
x

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