The southern beaches of Sri Lanka, they are beautiful, people from all around the universe come visit these amazing sites to see some of its admirations, and these admirations include the people and the environment.
Sadly in today ‘s commercialised universe the environment has been forgotten so to talk, but there are some and gratefully a turning figure of people in Sri Lanka and in other western and eastern states who are more interested in the well being of the universe and its home grounds. They care more now about what our actions ( Humans ) do to the environment and to extenuate the inauspicious effects of our being on Mother Nature.
Fortunately there are certain ordinances imposed on the users of beaches in the South and the environment environing these beaches, as a portion of being human we like to flex the regulations, as a consequence of this the ordinances are non adhered to and the environment surrounding and the beach suffers.
Since there is a big inflow of tourer to the state ( Sri Lanka ) station war, there are many little concern ventures runing in the topographic points and locations that the tourers like to see, as a consequence there is major refuse issue along with the issues of pollution and consequence of this straight to the beaches and the environment around the country. We shall be looking at this closely further in the study.
We shall be looking at certain jobs associated with the southern beaches of Sri Lanka and besides on how to get the better of these issues.
We can see at the terminal of this study that it is possible for the beaches of the South to be kept clean and the environment environing them to be clean and tidy.
We have besides have to advert that there are limited action that can be taken by the authorities, it needs to be said that it is up to the Persons and the people utilizing the beaches and its environment to maintain it clean and guarantee that the environment is kept clean to guarantee that it will be at that place in the hereafter and that many people can bask the beaches for old ages to come.
This study is about protecting the Southern Beaches of Sri Lanka and advancing Eco touristry in Sri Lanka.
Decisions
The Problems Faced in the Southern Beaches of Sri Lanka is as follows ;
Coastal and Sea Erosion
Every land mass on Earth has stat mis of seashore. Natural forces such as air current, moving ridges and Currents are invariably determining the coastal parts.
The landward supplanting of the shoreline caused by the forces of moving ridges and Currents are termed as coastal eroding.
This may happen due to natural procedures such as moving ridges, air currents and tides, or even due To human intervention.
Effectss that trigger beach eroding due to human intercession are: building of unreal Structures, excavation of beach sand, offshore dredging, or edifice of dikes or Rivers.
Causes of Erosion
Coastal eroding occurs when air current, moving ridges and long shore currents move sand from the shore and deposits it someplace else. The sand can be moved to another beach, to the deeper ocean underside, into an ocean trench or onto the landside of a dune. The remotion of sand from the sand-sharing system consequences in lasting alterations in beach form and construction. The impact of the event is non seen instantly as in the instance of tsunami or storm rush. But it is every bit of import when we consider loss of belongings. It by and large takes months or old ages to observe the impact of eroding ; hence, this is by and large classified as a “ long term coastal jeopardy ” .
Major Causes of Coastal Erosion are
The chief ground for many beaches to blow away was due to the Tsunami that hit the state in the twelvemonth 2004, farther grounds for this being ;
Action of Waves, Winds, Tides, Storms, Catastrophic events, Sea Level Rise, and ground due to human intercession.
Factors that act uponing the seashore are:
Sand beginnings and sinks: Sand beginnings are the type of sand, sinks on the other manus is sand in deep ocean can non be moved and returned to the beach
Rising sea degree:
Other factors may include:
A· Expansion and contraction of ocean volume due to alterations ensuing from home base motions.
A· Warming of ocean H2O which leads to increased volume for the same sum of H2O
A· Increase in entire H2O available in the ocean due to human activities.
Some beach eroding factors may include:
A· Effectss of human impact, such as building of unreal constructions, excavation of beach sand.
A· Increased storminess in coastal country.
A· Increase in beach impregnation due to a higher H2O tabular array or increased precipitation.
Erosion Procedure:
Waves hit the stones and shortly there is a cave that has formed. The moving ridges continue to hit the stones and the cave so an arch is formed and this when hit continuously by the moving ridges promotes the Erosion.
The easiest manner of depicting the overall consequence of coastal eroding is that, if left unbridled, all the coastlines would be, low wave cut platforms. Most eroding takes topographic point about high tide and will be carried out in one of three ways.
Effectss of Coastal Erosion
Coastal eroding, or coastal instability, threatens belongings and concerns and puts people populating near drops and shorelines at hazard. The great concentration of national resources in coastal zones makes it imperative that coastal alteration is good understood.
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BENCHMARKING
Coastal Erosion in India
The Indian coastline is about 7517 kilometer, The coastline comprises of promontories, headlands, bouldery shores, flaxen tongues, barrier beaches, unfastened beaches, embayment, estuaries, recesss, bays, boggy land and
Off-shore islands. Harmonizing to the naval hydrographic charts, the Indian mainland consists of about 43 % flaxen beaches, 11 % bouldery seashore with drops and 46 % clay flats and boggy seashore.
Shoreline eroding in the northern parts of Chennai, Ennore, Visakhapatnam and Paradip ports has resulted due to building of groins of the several port. At present, approximately 23 % of shoreline along the Indian chief land is affected by eroding. About 1450 kilometer of coastline has been reported to be affected by sea eroding, out of which about 700 kilometers of coastline has been moderately protected by building of breakwaters, inguens, etc, and 750 kilometer is yet to be protected.
Measures taken by the Indian governments should be recognized by the Sri Lankan authorities and these steps should be taken in to account when implementing solutions for the jobs faced in Sri Lanka.
The Good News is that the SAARC Region as a whole have taken this issue in to account and are undertaking this issue as a regional issue. This will assist work out the job Oklahoman and in a more cost effectual mode.
How India Promote its Eco – Tourism
India promotes itself as being one of the most astonishing tourer finishs in the universe for planetary tourers. It is a state having wide-open infinites and alien cultural hoarded wealths.
The visitants when you see brilliant memorials, heritage temples and the vivacious jubilations of Indian festivals on their Indian Holiday. India is one of the most sought after tourer finish for the broad assortment of travel options it has.
Recommendations
Coastal Erosion Management: Techniques and Approachs
In order to supply a comprehensive usher to the options available we have provided the issues and solutions, these issues are cost effectual and can be implemented to forestall these issues from intensifying farther.
Whichever attack is deemed necessary by the fortunes concerned can be implemented. The assorted attacks to be followed are:
DUNE GRASS Planting
Can be implemented in the appropriate locations
Above normal bound of moving ridge striking distance at any location with available soft sand.
Effectiveness
Sand held in deep-rooted dunes will supply a defence to defy storm eroding.
Benefits
This is a really natural manner of assisting the system prolong itself ; besides it is potentially self sustaining.
Problems
This may necessitate dune fencing to accomplish success & A ; Unlikely to win where eroding is terrible.
Function
Planting this flora may non forestall the eroding, but it will decelerate it down, extra plants are frequently necessary to increase the opportunity for success. This will supply minor protection from moving ridges and will cut down harm due to treading. Once Grasses are good established they may good go self-sufficient. Therefore doing this option highly cost effectual.
GABION REVETMENTS
Appropriate locations
Sandy beach sites enduring from moderate to terrible eroding.
Effectiveness
Well placed gabions provide sensible fixed defences, but have a limited life of 5-10 old ages due to impairment of the baskets.
Benefits Useful solution where armor stone is considered inappropriate or excessively dearly-won. Permeable face absorbs wave energy and encourages upper beach stableness.
Problems
Limited life, taking to unsightly and risky wire baskets along beach, wire affected by seawater, hooliganism and scratch by treading.
Function
The intent of a gabion revetment is to supply short term protection from backshore eroding by absorbing moving ridge energy along the dune face. Their application is restricted to the upper portion of flaxen beaches, since they are non sufficiently lasting to defy regular direct moving ridge action. They should non be installed on shake beaches because wear and tear will quickly do harm to the baskets.
Breakwater
Appropriate locations
High value frontages influenced by strong long shore procedures ( beckon induced or tidal currents ) where nutriment or recycling are undertaken. Best on shake beaches or within estuaries.
Effectiveness
Good on open shorelines with a natural shake upper beach. Can besides be utile in estuaries to debar flows. Unlimited construction life for stone breakwaters.
Benefits
Encourages upper beach stableness and reduces care committedness.
Problems
Restricted entree to public along upper beach. Likely to do down impetus eroding if beach is non managed.
Function
Breakwaters cut down lthe sand on the beach from gnawing as it is trapped.Sand is carried in impermanent suspension during higher energy wave or current conditions and will therefore be given to be carried over.
Rock breakwaters have the advantages of simple building, long-run lastingness and ability to absorb some moving ridge energy due to their semi-permeable nature. Wooden breakwaters are less lasting and be given to reflect, instead than absorb energy.
Rock Revetments
Appropriate locations
Sites enduring terrible and on-going eroding where of import and extended backshore assets are at hazard.
Effectiveness
Good long-run protection. Can be extended or modified to let for future shoreline alteration. Unlimited construction life.
Benefits
Low hazard option for of import backshore assets. Permeable face absorbs wave energy and encourages upper beach stableness.
Problems
Strong landscape impact, sand tends non to construct up over the stones if beach eroding continues as a consequence there would be no beach.
Function
Rock revetments are widely used in countries with of import backshore assets subject to severe and ongoing eroding where it is non cost effectual or environmentally acceptable to supply full protection utilizing breakwaters. The map of permeable revetments is to cut down the erosive power of the moving ridges by agencies of moving ridge energy dissipation in the interstices of the revetment. Repairs and extensions may be necessary to supply continued backshore protection at the design criterion.
The Legal Frame Work in Place in Sri Lanka
Coast Conservation work was handled by assorted sections at assorted times prior to 1963.
The realisation of the authorities that a comprehensive attack to coastal resources direction was required, led to constitution of a seashore protection unit in the Colombo Port Commission in 1963.
In 1978 Coast Conservation Division was established in the Ministry of Fisheries. This division was upgraded to a section, the Coast Conservation Department in 1984.
In 1981, parliament enacted the Coast Conservation Act – Act No. 57 of 1981.
Amendments to this, Act was passed in 1988 with the Coast Conservation ( Amendments ) No. 64 of 1988. The Coast Conservation Act required holding a study made of the Coastal Zone and on the footing of the study to fix a comprehensive National Coastal Zone Management Plan ( CZMP ) . CZMP prepared by the section was adopted by the authorities and implemented as Coastal Zone Management Plan 1990.
A Resource Management scheme for Sri Lanka ‘s coastal part. “ Coastal 2000 “ was prepared in1992 which provided the way for Coastal Resources Management of Sri Lanka. The 2nd revised Coastal Zone Management Plan was prepared in 1997 and it is being implemented. The 3rd alteration of the National Coastal Zone Management is in advancement and will be implemented in twelvemonth 2004 and is still in usage.
ECO TOURISM
Eco-tourism: A A Possibly the most over-used and mis-used word in the travel industry today.
It is defined as “ responsible travel to natural countries which conserves the environment and improves the public assistance of the local people ” .A
A walk through the rain forest is non eco-tourism unless that peculiar walk somehow benefits that environment and the people who live there.A
A rafting trip is merely eco-tourism if it raises consciousness and financess to assist protect the watershed.A
Eco Tourisms Activities that can be implemented by Sri Lanka
Wildlife
Sri Lanka has got plentiful and varied wildlife. It being an island makes it of course isolated from other states. Tropical clime and geographical location gives Sri Lanka some alone type of workss. Natural isolation from other states pronounces that the island has high correlativity among its zoology. Sri Lanka is most celebrated for its elephant herds. Leopards are besides popular presentation of Lankan wildlife. You can bask polo-necks for hours in the coastal countries. For people interested in bird watching the state would be pure delectation. Even the individuals least interested in wildlife can happen themselves charged. For 100s of old ages nature in the woods of Sri Lanka has remained unchanged. 12 % of the state has been designated by the governments for preservation of wildlife. The latest loony to hit the state for Locals every bit good as the tourers is the Whale and Dolphin Watching off the seashores of the southern and Western Seashores of Sri Lanka.
National Parks
Sri Lanka has many National Parks, the Parks are good known for its elephants who wander in large and little herds. Leopard and sloth bear can besides be found in some Parkss. Some Parks house about 30 species of animate beings. About 150 species of birds are besides found in these Parkss. Assorted species of cervid, monkeys, Canis aureus, H2O American bison and wild Sus scrofa can besides be found in most southern Parkss. Some Parkss offer big assortment of aquatic birds who feed on the crop of legion lagunas in the park.
Bird Sanctuaries
Sri Lanka has many bird sanctuaries. Some located on Sri Lanka ‘s utmost south eastern seashore offer an copiousness of lagunas and swamps which have become the preferable abode of H2O birds.
Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage
Put up in 1975, Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage, located 90km off Colombo, has developed as the universe ‘s most successful elephant genteelness Centre. A major attractive force for eco touristry lovers, it has the largest confined herd in the universe.
Dehiwala Gardens
National Zoological Gardens, located at Dehiwala, is renowned for rich gathering of animals, birds, reptilians and angle all over the universe. Aquarium of Dehiwala Gardens offers over 500 assortments of aquatic life. The Zoological Gardens besides hosts attractive forces like Aviary, Reptilian, and Butterfly Park.
Botanic Gardens
Three botanic gardens in Sri Lanka are located in Peradeniya, Hakgala and Henarathgoda.
Sinharaja universe heritage wood
Singharaja Forest Reserve, most well-known rain forest in Sri Lanka, is a living heritage. The wood has really rich biodiversity. Most flora in this wood is endemic to the state.
Waterfalls
several hill ironss in Sri Lanka are interspersed by waterfalls and watercourses. Particularly mentionable are at Wetlands, Muthurajawela, Bolgoda Lake, Hakgala, Gampaha and Peradeniya.
Museums
Two celebrated museums of Sri Lanka are National Museum and Natural History Museum, both located in Colombo.
Other Factors that need betterment
The transit sector in the state should and has to be improved, coachs, trains, even boats. This would promote the tourers who like to go and pass clip in Sri Lanka the luxury of being able to go and travel around see topographic points and non hold no manner of going in a comfy proper mode.
Issues Associating To Tourism:
Hazard: A A Unregulated, nature touristry can damage the environment and eat local civilizations. Pollution from runaway resort and hotel development around delicate park countries will adversely impact the locations.
Distribution of benefits: A A Where international travel and resort ironss or urban investors control the touristry industry, the local economic consequence of ecotourism may be reduced. Early surveies of ecotourism outgos suggest that in such instances non much possibly 20 to 30 cents of the tourer dollar corsets in the national economic system ; even less reaches local communities.
Percepts: A A Developing states fear that their Parkss and protected countries will go resort areas for international tourers, with the land reserved for preservation and no longer available for farming to feed and use their turning populations.
Lack of information: A A More and better information is need about the existent and possible economic parts of nature touristry ventures and patterns. Inclusion of visits to natural attractive forces as portion of regular recreational touristry demands to be explored along with “ purer ” signifiers of nature touristry and travel.
Wrap Up
The other of import factor is that Ecotourism is a tool which helps conserve the environment and offer maximal economic benefits, in this instance to Sri Lanka.
It satisfies those who are in demand of employment every bit good as people working for preservation for environment and non burying the tourers who want to bask themselves in the lap of nature.
While in ecotourism in Sri Lanka you can see echt sites without harming the sustainability of the state.
The good intelligence is while eco touring in Sri Lanka you have an surfeit of activities for your household. The options are many and include: Wildlife Safaris, Bird Watching, Hiking, Trekking, Photography, Cycling, Nature Trails, Snorkeling and many more.
You can loosen up in a long tranquil beach or trek to nature forest militias. While in Sri Lanka, you can bask yourself to the full in the lap of nature. Various travel companies in Sri Lanka are now offering eco touristry bundles providing to every budget. This is good intelligence, for all who want to see it whatever your budget.
Sri Lanka has the highest biodiversity per 10,000 square kilometer in Asia. All this land provides different wildlife chances and assortment of landscapes. You would besides happen in Sri Lanka leftovers of ancient civilisation. Sri Lanka hosts countless cultural sites of antiquity. Six sites in Sri Lanka have been designated World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. In such a little state this is singular intelligence for eco tourers