The scenario is that a adult female has been stopped by the constabulary due to the status of her drive. She tells the constabulary that her drive was fickle due to seeking to take the palpebra of a bottle of acetylsalicylic acid which she required for a terrible concern. The constabulary could non happen the aspirin bottle within the auto and the adult female so told the constabulary that it got thrown out of the vehicle. Serums samples were taken from the adult female to make alcohol and drug trials.
Aspirin is an analgetic drug that provides pain alleviation without doing unconsciousness and anaesthesia. Aspirin is used to assist with hurting, febrility, degenerative arthritis, inflammatory conditions, megrim concerns and many other things.
Salicylates are the chief substance in acetylsalicylic acid and this is what is being tested for. To prove for this substance seeable spectrometry will be used. Spectroscopy has a assortment of methods that are the interaction between visible radiation and affair. For this practical the method used is seeable spectroscopy via the usage of a spectrophotometer. This equipment measures the sum of light absorbed by go throughing a beam of visible radiation through the sample and the sum of visible radiation is measured by a sensor. This produces an optical density value which can be used to cipher concentrations.
The purpose of this trial is to cipher the concentration of the serum samples to happen out whether the degrees of salicylic acid in these samples are toxic or non.
Best services for writing your paper according to Trustpilot
Methods and Materials
The stuffs that were used are 0.2mg/ml Salicylic acid, Ferric Nitrate solution, 0.039M HNO3, H2O and a sample of the adult female ‘s serum. The equipment used was a spectrophotometer, a calibrated pipette and cuvettes.
To be able to happen out the salicylic acerb concentrations of the serum samples, six standard solutions had to be created foremost. Each standard solution was composed of a combination of H2O, salicylic acid, Ferric nitrate and HNO3 all numbering up to 2ml in each solution.
Solution Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
H2O ( milliliter )
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.0
Salicylic acid ( milliliter )
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
Ferric nitrate ( milliliter )
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
HNO3 ( milliliter )
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Contentss and volumes in the six standard solutions
Table 1: a tabular array demoing the volumes in the six standard solutions.
The constituents of the solutions seen in table 1 were placed into trial tubings utilizing a calibrated pipette. The solutions were so assorted exhaustively and left for 5 proceedingss. After five proceedingss a sample of each solution was placed into cuvettes utilizing the pipette. The spectrophotometer was so set a 540nm.Using solution 1 as the space ; the spectrophotometer was so set to zero. Every other standard solution was so inserted into the spectrophotometer to obtain soaking up measurings utilizing the space as a nothing mention.
Three 2ml samples of the adult female ‘s serum were so created utilizing a combination of the stuffs seen above.
Contentss and volumes in the serum samples
Serum space
Serum sample 1
Serum sample 2
H2O ( milliliter )
0.9
0.9
0.9
Serum ( milliliter )
0.1
0.1
0.1
Ferric nitrate solution ( milliliter )
0.0
1.0
1.0
HNO3 ( milliliter )
1.0
0.0
0.0
Table 2: a tabular array demoing the volumes in the serum samples.
The constituents of the serum solutions were so placed into trial tubings at the volumes shown in table 2. These samples were so assorted exhaustively and left for five proceedingss. After five proceedingss the samples were so placed into cuvettes, and so the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was once more set at 540nm and the serum space used as the space. The other two serum samples were so placed into the machine and the soaking up consequences recorded.
Consequences
The measurings from the spectrophotometer where recorded and concentrations of Salicylic acid calculated for the standard solution. These concentrations so created a standardization curve to let the serum sample concentrations to be discovered.
Solution figure
1
2
3
4
5
6
Optical density at 540nm
0.000
0.072
0.183
0.311
0.426
0.644
Concentration ( mg/ml )
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.10
0.14
0.20
Concentration and optical density measurings for the six standard solutions
Table 3: a tabular array demoing the optical density at 540nm and the concentration of the solutions.
The concentrations in table 3 where calculated utilizing C1V1=C2V2. Where C1 is 0.02mg/ml, the original concentration of salicylic acid, V1 is the volume of salicylic acid, C2 is the unknown concentration and V2 is 1ml, the entire volume of H2O and Salicylic acid. For illustration criterion 3 has the concentration 0.06mg/ml. From looking at table 1 it is seen that C1 is 0.02mg/ml andV1 is 0.3ml. it is so known that C2 is unknown and V2 is 1ml. The equation is so rearranged to C2 = C1V1/ V2 to bring forth C2=0.02mg/ml x 0.3ml / 1ml = 0.06mg/ml.
The concentration and soaking up consequences are so put into a graph to make a standardization curve.
Calibration curve
Figure 1: A standardization curve formed from the 6 standard solutions measurings for optical density and concentration
The standardization curve shown in figure 1 was plotted from the consequences in table 3. This curve was so used to cipher the concentration of the serum solutions.
Concentration and optical density consequences for the three serum samples
Serum Blank
Serum Sample 1
Serum Sample 2
Average
Optical density
0.000
0.439
0.269
0.354
Concentration
0.000
0.089
0.143
0.116
Table 4: a tabular array demoing the consequences obtained from the serum samples optical densities, concentrations and an norm.
The consequences in table 4 where done as a extra to do the consequences more accurate and dependable but due to an mistake within the practical. An norm was subsequently calculated to rectify the inaccuracy created by the mistake, but ideally the trial should hold been done with 3 samples.
Discussion
Using the consequences from table 4 and the standardization curve from figure one it can be determined if the consequences agree with the drivers narrative. The mean serum sample had a salicylic acerb concentration of 0.116mg/ml. In relation to the standard solutions this consequence is rather high therefore the consequences confirm she did in fact take acetylsalicylic acid. From this it can non be to the full determined if the degree is toxic or non.
Salicylic acid toxicity causes many bio-chemical that mark no specific organ. An ague overdose would do symptoms like sickness, purging and tinnitus. If the overdose was chronic there would be symptoms like confusion, febrility, hypoxia, desiccation and metabolic acidosis. Other symptoms of toxicity are respiratory alkalosis, alkalic piss and concerns. Comparing the symptoms with the scenario some of the symptoms could explicate the grounds for her fickle drive but there still could be other grounds.
Serum degrees of salicylic acid provide if the ingested sum was curative, toxic or chronic toxicity. A curative degree is 15-30mg/ml and a toxic degree is 40-50mg/ml. Any serum degree above 60mg/ml is a chronic degree. To compare the concentration of the serum to toxicity degrees the serum concentration must be converted to mg/dl. For this it is need to be known that there are 100 milliliters in 1 deciliter, hence 0.116mg/ml demands to be multiplied by one 100. The serum degree is so 11.6mg/dl ; this degree is non a toxic degree but does corroborate that acetylsalicylic acid was taken at a possible curative degree. This confirms that the adult female was stating the truth about taking aspirin but does non corroborate why her drive was fickle.
Other trial could besides be done to prove for salicylic acid, these as piss pH, a bedside ferrous chloride trial and arterial blood gases. Besides high-performance liquid chromatography could be used but this requires clip that would non be available in a serious toxicity. Salicylic acid has many related compounds, for illustration, benzoic acid, phenol, Mg salicylate and aminosalicylic acid. Trial for these could besides be done to assist find the beginning.
Decision
In decision the consequences from the seeable spectrometry show that the adult female did non hold salicylic acid toxicity even though she did take acetylsalicylic acid. As her degrees where non toxic at that place has to be another ground for her drive. To corroborate this more trial could be done like the urine pH and the arterial blood gasses. Besides trial on the related compounds could be carried out to corroborate is she did take acetylsalicylic acid or if the degrees in of salicylate in her blood are from elsewhere. The following thing to make would be to prove for intoxicant and other drugs both legal and illegal. Other drugs to prove for could be things like cocaine, opiates, pep pills, marihuana, dolophine hydrochloride, tramadol and oxycodone. These could be proving for either through the blood, piss or hair.
